An obvious example of a threat to employee health and safety is a fast-approaching bushfire. However, as the recent issues caused by bushfire smoke (which caused difficulties for those working outdoors, as well as those who commute to work and had respiratory issues) show, there may be latent or less obvious risks to employee health and safety which may mean that the workplace is unsafe, writes Amy Zhang
With devastating bushfires continuing to burn around the country and the threat of a global pandemic in relation to the coronavirus, many employers may be wondering what their rights and obligations are in respect to their employees in the event of an unexpected natural disaster or emergency event that is beyond their control.
Given the broad, intertwined and overlapping legal framework regulating employee safety, employer rights and leave entitlements, this isn’t as straightforward as you might think.
If your workplace is affected by an emergency or natural disaster such as a health pandemic, bushfire, flood or tropical cyclone, here are 8 HR emergency essentials to keep in mind to ensure the best outcome for everyone involved.
- Employer Duty of Care and WHS obligations
Employers owe their employees a general duty of care. This duty of care includes providing employees with a safe place to work.
Employers also have WHS obligations which require, among other things, providing and maintaining, as far as reasonably practicable, a safe workplace that is free from risks to health and safety; and identifying and assessing hazards and risks to health, and implementing measures to eliminate or alleviate same.
These positive obligations mean that where the workplace is attended by sufficient risk to employee health and safety, employers should consider whether employees can attend the workplace and/or perform their work duties safely and whether there are alternative locations of work available (such as working from home or working from another location run by the employer).
An obvious example of a threat to employee health and safety is a fast-approaching bushfire. However, as the recent issues caused by bushfire smoke (which caused difficulties for those working outdoors, as well as those who commute to work and had respiratory issues) show, there may be latent or less obvious risks to employee health and safety which may mean that the workplace is unsafe.
In the context of a potential health pandemic like the coronavirus, employers should bear in mind that their WHS obligations may extend to measures ranging from mandatory quarantine of employees in the event of travel to infected areas, for example, by requiring them to work from home, to ensuring adequate facilitates for washing hands and the availability of face masks. Employers should, however, take care not to fall foul of disability discrimination laws by discriminating against employees on the basis of actual or imputed diseases or infections.
- Standing down employees
Under the Fair Work Act 2009, an employer may stand down employees if they cannot be usefully employed because of circumstances for which the employer cannot reasonably be held responsible. If an employee is stood down, they do not need to be paid.
There may be some extra rules and requirements if an award or enterprise agreement applies to your workplace, or where there are additional restrictions in the contract of employment.
Note however that an employee who is authorised to be absent from work (because of pre-approved leave) cannot be stood down.
- Directing employees to take annual leave
Rather than standing down employees, you may alternatively direct employees to take accrued annual leave, provided that such a request is reasonable in the circumstances.
If an award or enterprise agreement applies, employers can only do so if the requirement is reasonable and an award or enterprise agreement allows it.
There is, of course, nothing to stop employers and employees from agreeing for the employee to take annual leave, rather than an employer having to issue a direction.
- Flexible work arrangements
If your physical workplace is affected, you may want to consider negotiating flexible work arrangements with your employees. Flexibility in the form of hours, location and pattern of work could mitigate the effects of an emergency or disaster and maintain productivity. Consider in particular whether it is feasible for employees to work from home.
- Personal/Carer’s leave
Employees affected by a natural disaster, health pandemic or emergency are entitled to take personal/carer’s leave. They can take this if they are not fit for work due to a personal illness or injury, or are personally affected by an emergency. It may also be taken to provide support and care to an immediate family member who is ill or injured, or affected by an unexpected emergency.
Such rights may cover circumstances where an employee is quarantined due to suspicion of being infectious, where an employee needs to take time off to care for a family member who has lost their home in the bushfires, or where an employee needs to take leave to care for children who may not be able to attend school due to bushfires.
- Compassionate leave
Employees are entitled to take two paid days of compassionate leave where an immediate family member has sustained a life-threatening illness or injury or has passed away.
- Community service leave
Employees who engage in voluntary emergency management activities, such as firefighting or other victim assistance initiatives, through a recognised emergency management body may be entitled to unpaid community service leave. Under the Fair Work Act 2009, the amount of leave able to be taken is not specified, but it must be reasonable taking into account the activity, travel time and rest time required.
While there is no obligation to pay employees in such circumstances, you may still wish to do so through discussion with the employee affected.
- Defence call-out for reservists
On 4 January 2020, the Governor-General initiated a Defence Call Out under the Defence Act 1903. This places obligations on employers with Reservist employees such as releasing ‘called out’ employees to undertake defence activities. Reservists have additional workplace protections under the Defence Reserve Service (Protection) Act 2001.
While there is no obligation to pay employees in such circumstances, you may still wish to do so through discussion with the employee affected.
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The above rights and obligations are by no means exhaustive. However, with these 8 essentials in mind, employers will be well on their way to appropriately handling an emergency situation that affects their workplace and employees.